Test Plan - progress

I have completed the logical testing aspect of the Test Plan. I have created test data to test the main comparison method that calculates and decides which card wins the round. I have also detailed expected outputs for Round and Game events.

I have not detailed a plan for testing the acceptance side of the testing as of yet. But this is currently the next item on the agenda. This will detail exactly what the acceptance testing will achieve and what is required to perform the testing. The plan will also include a rough draft of the user questionnaire that will be completed after testing to provide feedback for the project.

Test Plan - started

Today I worked on the Test Plan in school, mainly due to not being able to bring a working copy of my project in. While working to resolve this issue, I have decided to complete a test plan foremost.

The test plan has made me think about how specific data will be accessed by each device and as a result, updating my pseudocode portion via an iterative process.

Implementation - started

I have started churning out code for the implementation side of the project. My approach is to start outlining the interface including links and view transitions primarily, then flesh it out with more fundamental code.

So far when trying to compile, the usual errors are produced which I am in the process of working out. Hopefully the process will go according to schedule dispute early signs of error.

Design - completed

At long last the Design work has come together and can now be considered complete. It was difficult finding an ending point for this part of the development process as more and more components of the program needed to be documented in pseudocode. I believe the Design work I have completed will be sufficient to write the program and if parts are lacking they can be updated in an iterative manner.

Design - started & progress

I have started working on the main Design of my project. I have decided to detail the design of the project using pseudocode. I have chosen this method due to the nature of the application in being event-driven based. Pseudocode allows for various routines to be written for each event seperately and for subroutines to be seperately detailed from the main routine which fits the nature of the project.

I am currently designing the main game functionality and the use of the 'Resume Game' function. I have realised for it to be possible to resume a stranded game, the host and client devices must have a local instance of the data being shared between them.

User Interface Design - completed

The UI Design is finally completed after much delay.

The reasons for the delay are numerous but mostly down to using Interface Builder in designing only the UI and not in the implementation of the project. This resulted in specific elements not responding to cosmetic changes within Interface Builder and therefore not suitable for UI Design.

I then had to mockup my design which meant further delay to having to find similar elements in mockup form similar to those within Interface Builder.

During the mockup design I had a thought of where to display the configurable parts of the application which I primarily had within the application itself but which I thought would be more suitably located within Apple's own 'Settings' application on the iPhone device as there are very few preferences that can be changed by the end-user.

Due to the change in the location of the Options screen there was also limited use in including a tab bar at the bottom of the three Options, Help and About screens to navigate to each of those pages easily. Therefore the mockup designs for the remaining two pages needed to be altered to reflect this design update.

These changes and the additional time to annotate the new design contributed to the delay of the User Interface Design.

User Interface Design - progress

I have managed to create most of the windows for the design within Interface Builder. However I have discovered that some elements, such as tables, are not possible to edit from Interface Builder but by through code in Xcode.

This has affected my design of the Options window as I am unable to list any of the custom preferences/settings I wish to include. Other elements such as the 'Back button' cannot be placed on the Navigation bar and the library Apple provides for Tab Bar icons is not very extensive.

In the case of the above difficulties I may need to procure an alternative route in designing the User Interface.

User Interface Design - started

In starting the design for my User Interface I did some research into conventional UI practices, tips on the iPhone and tools which can help in User Interface design.

I have settled on using Interface Builder to design the interface while also sketching out some designs beforehand to get a better idea on which UI elements would be suitable for the interface.

Another thing to note is the use of suitable custom pictures and textures which I may also include.

Research - completed

I have outlined all the research I have carried out so far and noted which research I need to persue in order to complete the project. However I feel I have carried out all the research that is possible outwith implementing the project and pursuing further knowledge that is required.

The resources I used in conducting my research have been stored within my Delicious bookmarks. Written material includes the book: 'Programming in Objective-C 2.0' by Stephen G. Kochan

Research - progress

So far I have developed a simple application utilizing the AudioToolbox framework to produce short sounds by pressing buttons on a GUI produced in Interface Builder.

Currently I am researching more useful frameworks including Foundation for essential tasks such as file handling and 'Game Kit' to network the two devices over bluetooth.

Topics to keep in mind are producing simple graphical effects either through the CoreGraphics framework or the OpenGL ES library and gaining more experience with the Interface Builder with multi-page apps and displaying data effectively.

Project Plan - completed

I have completed the detailed plan for the project.

I ammended the first draft of the plan by including more detailed information by defining more refined goals and allocating time and completion dates to the new goals.

I also went back and revisited the Alternative Strategies including a more detailed summary of how I reached my conclusion that the iPhone is the most appropriate platform to develop for.

I am currently working on the research required for developing on the iPhone platform.

Project Plan - first draft

I have completed the first draft of the project plan.

Hopefully after some review and amendment it should be complete. I am a bit worried I have not included enough detail into specific goals. To rectify this I may need to expand on more details of what needs to be coded and set separate completion dates for those.

Project Plan - started

Wrote up summary regarding my strategy of choice for the project. I decided that the iPhone platform would be the most appropiate choice.

I have started work on the plan for the project. So far I have scheduled the completion of the plan for the 2nd of October but already I think this is a bit optimistic.

I have yet to determine the main goals necessary for project completion which I hope to accomplish in due course to aid in the completion of the plan.

Alternative Strategies - Summary

Completed research regarding alternative strategies into platforms that would be suitable to develop on.

Currently in the process of writing up my summary for each option and to decide on my chosen platform for the project.

Comments: Specific information on developing for the PSP was quite hard to find. The iPhone and android sectors are both innovative and growing sectors within the cell phone market and both their respective development tools reflect that.

Alternative Strategies - Research

Currently researching which platform to base my project off of. I am considering three main options;

iPhone:
Advantages - I have been learning how to develop applications using the Objective-C language, as visible on previous blog entries, so I have the advantage of knowing the language, reducing development time.

Android:

PSP:

Links;
http://blogs.zdnet.com/Burnette/?p=682&page=3
http://developer.android.com/guide/index.html

Analysis Summary

Up to this point I have completed the project plan, defined a set of scope and boundaries and detailed the requirements for my project.

My current objective is researching into alternative strategies for other platforms I can develop my project on. The three main options I am considering are the iPhone, android and PSP platforms.

My next objective is to construct a project plan that will detail on what dates I will fulfil the tasks relevent to the project and how long they will approximately take.

Chapter 9 - Polymorphism, Dynamic Typing and Dynamic Binding

Comment

I think I understand the fundamentals behind 'polymorphism'. To summarise, the main advantage lies from being able to invoke a method without worrying what class that method derives from. Example being you can use 'dynamic typing' in order to invoke a method on a generic object type, at runtime 'dynamic binding' will dictate whether the method it uses is from ClassA or ClassB depending whether the data held in the generic object type is of ClassA or ClassB respectively.

Exercises

1. What will happen if you insert the message expression

[compResult reduce];

into Program 9.1 after the addition is performed (but before compResult is released)? Try it and see.

ANS - Nothing will happen since 'reduce' is not a method of the Complex class and the object 'compResult' has been defined as being an object of the Complex class which contains no such method.

Tested program and its console output.

#import

#import "Complex.h"

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

Complex *c1 = [[Complex alloc] init];

Complex *c2 = [[Complex alloc] init];

Complex *compResult;

[c1 setReal: 18.0 andImaginary: 2.5];

[c2 setReal: -5.0 andImaginary: 3.2];

//add and print two complex numbers

[c1 print]; NSLog (@" +"); [c2 print];

NSLog (@"---------");

compResult = [c1 add: c2];

[compResult print];

NSLog (@"\n");

[compResult reduce];

[c1 release];

[c2 release];

[compResult release];

[pool drain];

return 0;

}

[Session started at 2009-06-23 22:15:38 +0100.]

2009-06-23 22:15:38.112 Ex1[394:10b] 18 + 2.5i

2009-06-23 22:15:38.114 Ex1[394:10b] +

2009-06-23 22:15:38.114 Ex1[394:10b] -5 + 3.2i

2009-06-23 22:15:38.115 Ex1[394:10b] ---------

2009-06-23 22:15:38.115 Ex1[394:10b] 13 + 5.7i

2009-06-23 22:15:38.115 Ex1[394:10b]

2009-06-23 22:15:38.116 Ex1[394:10b] *** -[Complex reduce]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x104c90

2009-06-23 22:15:38.117 Ex1[394:10b] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', reason: '*** -[Complex reduce]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x104c90'

Literally translates to: 'major crash related to an unrecognised method call (or selector) being sent to a specific area of memory.

2. Can the id variable dataValue, as defined in Program 9.2, be assigned a Rectangle object as you defined it in Chapter 8? That is, is the statement

dataValue = [[Rectangle alloc] init];

valid? Why or why not?

ANS - It is valid as although it is a generic object type, it is still able to inherit the attributes of other classified object. The advantage being it can primarily act as a Rectangle object but then be reclassified as a Complex object.

3. Add a print method to your XYPoint class defined in Chapter 8. Have it display the point in the format (x, y). Then modify Program 9.2 to incorporate an XYPoint object. Have the modified program create an XYPoint object, set its value, assign it to the id variable dataValue, and then display its value.

ANS - Copy and Paste of added XYPoint method and modified Program 9.2 along with its console output.

// XYPoint.m

-(void) print

{

NSLog (@"point (%i, %i)", x, y);

}

// main program

#import

#import "XYPoint.h"

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

id dataValue;

XYPoint *point = [[XYPoint alloc] init];

[point setX: 5 andY: 8];

dataValue = point;

[dataValue print];

[point release];

[pool drain];

return 0;

}

[Session started at 2009-06-23 13:50:14 +0100.]

2009-06-23 13:50:14.673 Ex2[475:10b] point (5, 8)

The Debugger has exited with status 0.

4. Based on the discussions about argument and return types in this chapter, modify both add: methods in the Fraction and Complex classes to take and return id objects. Then write a program that incorporates the following code sequence:

result = [dataValue1 add: dataValue2];

[result print];

Here, result, dataValue1 and dataValue2 are id objects. Make sure you set dataValue1 and dataValue2 appropriately in your program and release all objects before your program terminates.

ANS - Modified methods made to both class interface and implementation files. Copy and Paste of main program and its console output. Couldn't get this one to compile due to syntax errors.

#import

#import "Fraction.h"

#import "Complex.h"

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

Fraction *aFrac = [[Fraction alloc] init];

Complex *aComp = [[Fraction alloc] init];

id result;

id dataValue1;

id dataValue2;

[aFrac setNumerator: 1 andDenominator: 4];

dataValue1 = aFrac;

[aFrac setNumerator: 1 andDenominator: 2];

dataValue2 = aFrac;

[aFrac release];

result = [dataValue1 add: dataValue2];

[result print];

[aComp setReal: 3.0 andImaginary: 1.5];

dataValue1 = aComp;

[aComp setReal: 10.0 andImaginary: 4.5];

dataValue2 = aComp

[aComp release];

result = [dataValue1 add: dataValue2];

[result print];

[result release];

[dataValue1 release];

[dataValue2 release];

[pool drain];

return 0;

}

5. Given the Fraction and Complex class definitions you have been using in this text and the following definitions

Fraction *fraction = [[Fraction alloc] init];

Complex *complex = [[Complex alloc] init];

id number = [[Complex alloc] init];

determine the return value from the following message xpressions. Then type them into a program to verify the results.

[fraction isMemberOfClass: [Complex class]];

[complex isMemberOfClass: [NSObject class]];

[complex isKindOfClass: [NSObject class]];

[fraction isKindOfClass: [Fraction class]];

[fraction respondsToSelector: @selector (print)];

[complex respondsToSelector: @selector (print)];

[Fraction instancesRespondToSelector: @selector (print)];

[number respondsToSelector: @selector (print)];

[number isKindOfClass: [Complex class]];

[number respondsToSelector: @selector (release)];

[[number class] respondsToSelector: @selector (alloc)];

ANS - Expected output and console output

Expected Output

NO - fraction is an instance of the Fraction class

NO - complex is an instance of the Complex class and not the NSObject class

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO - because number is not a class, it is an object belonging to a class

[Session started at 2009-06-23 23:17:18 +0100.]

2009-06-23 23:17:18.119 Ex5[746:10b] NO

2009-06-23 23:17:18.121 Ex5[746:10b] NO

2009-06-23 23:17:18.121 Ex5[746:10b] YES

2009-06-23 23:17:18.121 Ex5[746:10b] YES

2009-06-23 23:17:18.122 Ex5[746:10b] YES

2009-06-23 23:17:18.122 Ex5[746:10b] YES

2009-06-23 23:17:18.122 Ex5[746:10b] YES

2009-06-23 23:17:18.123 Ex5[746:10b] YES

2009-06-23 23:17:18.123 Ex5[746:10b] YES

2009-06-23 23:17:18.123 Ex5[746:10b] YES

2009-06-23 23:17:18.124 Ex5[746:10b] YES

The Debugger has exited with status 0.

6. Modify the Calculator class you developed in the exercise from Chapter 4 so that division is done in an @try block. If the division throws an exception, log an error message and continue program execution.

ANS - Copy and Paste of all parts of program including console output. Program compiles but receive awkward console output.

//

// Calculator.h

// Ex6

//

// Created by Waqas Arshid on 23/06/2009.

// Copyright 2009 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import

@interface Calculator : NSObject

{

double accumulator;

double memory;

}

@property double accumulator;

-(void) clear;

-(void) divide: (double) value;

@end

//

// Calculator.m

// Ex6

//

// Created by Waqas Arshid on 23/06/2009.

// Copyright 2009 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import "Calculator.h"

@implementation Calculator

@synthesize accumulator;

-(void) clear

{

accumulator = 0;

}

-(void) divide: (double) value

{

@try {

accumulator /= value;

NSLog (@"The resulting value of accumulator is: %f", accumulator);

}

@catch (NSException *exception) {

NSLog (@"Caught division by zero - error.");

}

}

@end

// main

#import

#import "Calculator.h"

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

Calculator *deskCalc = [[Calculator alloc] init];

[deskCalc clear];

[deskCalc setAccumulator: 100.0];

[deskCalc divide: 0.0];

NSLog (@"The final result is: %f", [deskCalc accumulator]);

[deskCalc release];

[pool drain];

return 0;

}

[Session started at 2009-06-23 23:41:13 +0100.]

2009-06-23 23:41:13.132 Ex6[842:10b] The resulting value of accumulator is: inf

2009-06-23 23:41:13.133 Ex6[842:10b] The final result is: inf

The Debugger has exited with status 0.

Chapter 8 - Inheritance

Comment

I found the concepts in this chapter relatively straight forward. However the later exercises for this chapter appear to be quite challenging but hopefully they aren't that hard.

EDIT: The formatting of several areas of this post, didn't exactly turn out the way I'd hoped hopefully it doesn't make it too difficult to read.

Exercises

1. Add a new class called ClassC, which is a subclass of ClassB, to Program 8.1. Make an initVar method that sets the value of its instance variable x to 300. Write a test routine that declares ClassA, ClassB, ClassC objects and invokes their corresponding initVar methods.

ANS - Copy and Paste of code and its console output

#import

//ClassA

@interface ClassA: NSObject

{

int x;

}

-(void) initVar;

-(void) printVar;

@end

@implementation ClassA

-(void) initVar

{

x = 100;

}

-(void) printVar

{

NSLog(@"x = %i", x);

}

@end

//ClassB

@interface ClassB : ClassA

-(void) initVar;

@end

@implementation ClassB

-(void) initVar

{

x = 200;

}

@end

//ClassC

@interface ClassC : ClassB

-(void) initVar;

@end

@implementation ClassC

-(void) initVar

{

x = 300;

}

@end

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

ClassA *a = [[ClassA alloc] init];

ClassB *b = [[ClassB alloc] init];

ClassC *c = [[ClassC alloc] init];

[a initVar];

[b initVar];

[c initVar];

[a printVar];

[b printVar];

[c printVar];

[a release];

[b release];

[c release];

[pool drain];

return 0;

}

[Session started at 2009-06-03 09:33:32 +0100.]

2009-06-03 09:33:32.788 Chap8_Ex1[282:10b] x = 100

2009-06-03 09:33:32.790 Chap8_Ex1[282:10b] x = 200

2009-06-03 09:33:32.790 Chap8_Ex1[282:10b] x = 300

The Debugger has exited with status 0.

2. When dealing with higher-resolition devices, you might need to use a coordinate system that enables you to specify points as floating-point values instead of as simple integers. Modify the XYPoint and Recatangle classes from this chapter to deal with floating-point numbers. The rectangle's width, height, area, and perimeter should all work with floating-point numbers as well.

ANS - Code for modified Rectangle and XYPoint header and implementation files

//

// Rectangle.h

// Ex2

//

// Created by Waqas Arshid on 03/06/2009.

// Copyright 2009 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import

@class XYPoint

@interface Rectangle : NSObject

{

float width;

float height;

XYPoint *origin;

}

@property float width, height;

-(XYPoint *) origin;

-(void) setOrigin: (XYPoint *) pt;

-(void) setWidth: (float) w andHeight: (float) h;

-(float) area;

-(float) perimeter;

@end

//

// Rectangle.m

// Ex2

//

// Created by Waqas Arshid on 03/06/2009.

// Copyright 2009 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import "Rectangle.h"

#import "XYPoint.h"

@implementation Rectangle

@synthesize width, height;

-(void) setWidth: (float) w andHeight: (float) h

{

width = w;

height = h;

}

-(float) width

{

return width * height;

}

-(float) perimeter

{

return (width + height) * 2;

}

-(void) setOrigin: (XYPoint *) pt

{

origin = pt;

}

-(XYPoint *) origin

{

return origin;

}

@end

//

// XYPoint.h

// Ex2

//

// Created by Waqas Arshid on 03/06/2009.

// Copyright 2009 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import

@interface XYPoint : NSObject

{

float x;

float y;

}

@property float x, y;

-(void) setX: (float) xVal andY: (float) yVal;

@end

//

// XYPoint.m

// Ex2

//

// Created by Waqas Arshid on 03/06/2009.

// Copyright 2009 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved.

//

#import "XYPoint.h"

@implementation XYPoint

@synthesize x, y;

-(void) setX: (float) xVal andY: (float) yVal

{

x = xVal;

y = yVal;

}

@end

3. Modify the Program 8.1 to add a new class called ClassB2 that, like ClassB, is a subclass of ClassA.

What can you say about the relationship between ClassB and ClassB2?

Identify the hierarchical relationship between the Object class, ClassA, ClassB and ClassB2.

What is the superclass of ClassB?

What is the superclass of ClassB2?

How many subclasses can a class have, and how many superclasses can it have?

ANS - ClassB and ClassB2 are sibling classes, they both share the same parent class.

Object

|

|

|

ClassA

| |

| |

| |

ClassB ClassB2

|

|

|

ClassC

The superclass of ClassB is ClassA

The superclass of ClassB2 is ClassA

A class can have an infinite number of subclasses.

A class can only have one superclass.

4. Write a Rectangle method called translate: that takes a vector called XYPoint (Xv, Yv) as its argument. Have it translate the rectangle's origin by the specified vector.

ANS - I don't understand this question. Is it intending on distinguishing the origin of a rectangle from a co-ordinate on the rectangle and existing parameters such as width and height?

5. Define a new class called GraphicObject, and make it a subclass of NSObject. Define instance variables in your new class as follows:

int fillColour; // 32-bit colour

BOOL filled; // Is the object filled?

int lineColour; // 32-bit line colour?

Write methods to set and retrieve the variables defined previously.

Make the Rectangle class a subclass of GraphicObject

Define new classes, Circle and Triangle, which are also subclasses of GraphicObject. Write methods to set and retrieve the various parameters for these objects and also to calculate the the circle's circumference and area, and the triangle's perimeter and area.

ANS - Copy and Paste of all interface/implementation with a main program and console output to test the new classes and methods

#import

//GraphicObject

@interface GraphicObject : NSObject

{

int fillColour;

BOOL filled;

int lineColour;

}

@property int fillColour, lineColour;

-(void) setFilled;

-(BOOL) filled;

@end

@implementation GraphicObject

@synthesize fillColour, lineColour;

-(void) setFilled

{

filled = TRUE;

}

-(BOOL) filled;

{

return filled;

}

@end

//Rectangle

@interface Rectangle : GraphicObject

{

int width;

int height;

}

@property int width, height;

-(void) setWidth: (int) w andHeight: (int) h;

@end

@implementation Rectangle

@synthesize width, height;

-(void) setWidth: (int) w andHeight: (int) h

{

width = w;

height = h;

}

@end

//Circle

@interface Circle : GraphicObject

{

int radius;

}

@property int radius;

-(float) circumference;

-(float) area;

@end

@implementation Circle

@synthesize radius;

-(float) circumference

{

return 2 * 3.14 * radius; // circumference equals '2 pi r'

}

-(float) area

{

return 3.14 * ( radius * radius ); //area equals 'pi r squared'

}

@end

//Triangle

@interface Triangle : GraphicObject

{

int base;

int height;

float perpHeight;

}

@property int base, height;

@property float perpHeight;

-(int) perimeter;

-(float) area;

-(void) setBase: (int) b andHeight: (int) h;

@end

@implementation Triangle

@synthesize base, height;

@synthesize perpHeight;

-(int) perimeter

{

return base + height + height;

}

-(float) area

{

perpHeight = ( height / 2 ) * 3;

return 0.5 * base * perpHeight;

}

-(void) setBase: (int) b andHeight: (int) h

{

base = b;

height = h;

}

@end

//main

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {

NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];

Rectangle *aRectangle = [[Rectangle alloc] init];

Triangle *aTriangle = [[Triangle alloc] init];

Circle *aCircle = [[Circle alloc] init];

[aRectangle setWidth: 5 andHeight: 3];

[aTriangle setBase: 5 andHeight: 3];

[aCircle setRadius: 5];

NSLog (@"Rectangle width is: %i height is: %i", aRectangle.width, aRectangle.height);

NSLog (@"Triangle base is: %i height is: %i", aTriangle.base, aTriangle.height);

NSLog (@"Circle radius is: %i", aCircle.radius);

NSLog (@"Circle circumference is: %f area is: %f", aCircle.circumference, aCircle.area);

NSLog (@"Triangle perimeter is: %i area is: %f", aTriangle.perimeter, aTriangle.area);

[aRectangle release];

[aTriangle release];

[aCircle release];

[pool drain];

return 0;

}

[Session started at 2009-06-12 00:52:52 +0100.]

2009-06-12 00:52:52.629 Ex5[258:10b] Rectangle width is: 5 height is: 3

2009-06-12 00:52:52.631 Ex5[258:10b] Triangle base is: 5 height is: 3

2009-06-12 00:52:52.631 Ex5[258:10b] Circle radius is: 5

2009-06-12 00:52:52.632 Ex5[258:10b] Circle circumference is: 31.400000 area is: 78.500000

2009-06-12 00:52:52.632 Ex5[258:10b] Triangle perimeter is: 11 area is: 7.500000

The Debugger has exited with status 0.

6. Write a Rectangle method called intersect: that takes a rectangle as an argument and returns a rectangle representing the overlapping area between the two rectangles. For example, given two rectangles of dimensions (250 width x 75 height) and (100 width x 180 height), the method should return a rectangle whose origin is at (400, 420), whose width is 50, and whose height is 60.

If the rectangles do not intersect, return one whose width and height are zero and whose origin is at (0, 0).

ANS - @d. I couldn't work this one out completely without a few complications, will bring in code.

7. Write a method for the Rectangle class called draw that draws a rectangle using dashes and vertical bar characters. The following code sequence

Rectangle *myRect = [[Rectangle alloc] init];

[myRect setWidth: 10 and Height: 3];

[myRect draw];

[myRect release];

would produce the following output:

_____

| |

| |

| |

_____

ANS - Copy and Paste of new method and test program with console output. I couldn't get this to work either. Will bring it in also. @d. This is the modified version of the method draw from what you told me about assigning the number of lines/spaces to a string variable and displaying it at the end. However this didn't seem to work also, I am unsure as to why that is.

-(void) draw

{

int n, count;

char space, line;

for ( n = 1; n <= width; ++n ) {

line += "_";

}

NSLog (@"%c", line);

n = 0;

for ( n = 1; n <= height; ++n ) {

NSLog (@"|");

for ( count = 1; n <= (width - 2); ++count ) {

space += " ";

}

NSLog (@"%c", space);

NSLog (@"|");

}

n = 0;

for ( int n = 1; n <= width; ++n ) {

NSLog (@"_");

}

}